Kazakhstan Fronteira
Central Asia · Astana · KZT (Kazakhstani Tenge)
Visão geral da economia e do setor
Kazakhstan is the largest landlocked country in the world and the dominant economy in Central Asia, with nominal GDP of approximately $296–313 billion in 2024. The economy is heavily driven by hydrocarbon extraction — oil and gas account for a significant share of export revenues and fiscal receipts — alongside substantial mining of uranium, copper, zinc, chromite, and other metals. Kazakhstan is home to the world's largest uranium producer, Kazatomprom, which supplies over 40% of global primary uranium output. The financial technology and banking sectors have grown rapidly, exemplified by Kaspi.kz, which became one of the region's most valuable publicly traded companies. The government has pursued economic diversification efforts under successive national development programmes, with growing contributions from trade, construction, and digital services.
Setores-chave
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| PIB nominal, USD | $296.70B |
| Crescimento do PIB real, anual | 4.8% |
| Inflação anual | 8.6% |
| População pessoas | 19.8M |
| PIB per capita USD | $14,005 |
| Capitalização de mercado total cotado, USD | $57.00B |
| Cap. de mercado / PIB | 19.2% |
| Desemprego | 4.6% |
| Empresas listadas | 130 |
| Bolsa | Kazakhstan Stock Exchange (KASE) |
Ano dos dados: 2024. Fontes: IMF World Economic Outlook 2024, World Bank Open Data 2024, Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan Stock Exchange (KASE) 2024 Annual Market Summary, Macrotrends (World Bank CPI/Unemployment series), Qazaq Association of Minority Shareholders (QAMS) market cap rankings Dec 2024, Kursiv Media Kazakhstan, Astana Times, Wikipedia – Economy of Kazakhstan, Wikipedia – Kazakhstan Stock Exchange, Wikipedia – Kazatomprom.
Maiores empresas listadas
As maiores empresas da principal bolsa local, por capitalização de mercado.
| # | Empresa | Setor | Capitalização de mercadoUSD | Listagem nos EUA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | KazMunayGasKMGZ · KASE | Oil & Gas | $19.70B | — |
| 2 | Kaspi.kzKSPI · KASE / Nasdaq | Fintech / Financial Services | $16.70B | KSPI |
| 3 | KazatompromKZAP · KASE / AIX / LSE | Uranium Mining | $11.20B | KAP |
| 4 | Halyk BankHSBK · KASE / LSE | Banking | $6.50B | HSBK |
| 5 | KazakhmysKAZ · KASE | Metals & Mining (Copper) | $3.50B | — |
| 6 | KcellKCEL · KASE | Telecommunications | $1.30B | — |
| 7 | KazakhtelecomKZTK · KASE | Telecommunications | $909.00M | — |
| 8 | Bank CenterCreditCCBN · KASE | Banking | $700.00M | — |
| 9 | KazTransOilKZTO · KASE | Energy (Pipeline / Oil Transport) | $650.00M | — |
| 10 | KEGOCKEGC · KASE | Electric Power / Utilities | $600.00M | — |
| 11 | Air AstanaAIRA · KASE / AIX | Aviation / Transportation | $550.00M | — |
ETFs negociados nos EUA
Fundos listados nos EUA que oferecem exposição a este mercado — a rota mais simples para muitos investidores americanos.
Bolsa local e acesso
| Bolsa | Kazakhstan Stock Exchange |
| Código | KASE |
| Site | kase.kz |
| Moeda | KZT |
Acesso por corretoras locais
Foreign investors can access KASE-listed shares through a limited number of Kazakhstani brokers that accept non-residents, including Freedom Finance (FRHC, US-listed), Halyk Finance, BCC Invest, and SBK. Kazatomprom trades on the London Stock Exchange (KAP) and the AIX; Kaspi.kz trades on the Nasdaq (KSPI). Direct retail brokerage access to KASE from Western platforms is limited; many international investors gain Kazakhstan exposure through regional ETFs or London/Nasdaq-listed shares and GDRs.
Corretoras globais com acesso a mercados estrangeiros
- Interactive Brokers — Direct access to 90+ markets worldwide, including many emerging exchanges.
- Saxo Bank — Multi-market access across Asia, Europe and the Middle East.
- Charles Schwab (Global) — Foreign ordinary shares on select markets; US-listed ADRs and ETFs.
- Fidelity International Trading — International stock trading on a number of developed and emerging markets.
Listado apenas por conveniência — não constitui recomendação. Mercados disponíveis, taxas e regras de cadastro variam por corretora e pelo seu país de residência.
Relocalização e residência
Visto por investimento / programa de residência
Concessões No formal investment-migration programme
Kazakhstan does not operate a formal Golden Visa or Citizenship-by-Investment programme in the conventional sense. Foreigners can obtain a long-term visa or temporary residency through investment, employment, or business activity under the general immigration framework, and the Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) offers streamlined work-permit and residency pathways for qualifying financial-sector professionals and their families. There is no published minimum investment threshold for a dedicated residency-by-investment scheme comparable to EU golden visa programmes.
Precisa de ajuda para candidatar-se? Consultores especializados em migração por investimento, como Henley & Partners.
Acesso para investidores estrangeiros
Kazakhstan allows foreigners to obtain temporary residence permits through employment, business registration, or investment. The AIFC in Astana provides a distinct legal and regulatory environment under English common law with preferential work-permit processing for qualifying participants. Long-term (up to 10-year) visas are available to investors and highly qualified specialists. Kazakhstan does not grant citizenship by investment; naturalisation typically requires five or more years of continuous legal residence.
ADRs e cruzamentos listados nos EUA
Empresas deste país cujas ações também são negociadas nos EUA — investíveis em uma corretora americana comum.
| Empresa | Ticker nos EUA | Ticker local | Observação |
|---|---|---|---|
| Halyk Savings Bank of Kazakhstan | HSBK | HSBK | Halyk Bank GDRs trade on the London Stock Exchange under HSBK. There is no active US-exchange ADR; OTC pink-sheet trading may be available to some US investors under HSBNF but liquidity is very limited. |
| Kaspi.kz JSC | KSPI | KSPI | Kaspi.kz listed ordinary shares on the Nasdaq Global Select Market in January 2024, making it the first major Kazakhstani technology company to achieve a US exchange listing. Each Nasdaq-traded share represents one ordinary share of the company. |
| NAC Kazatomprom JSC | KAP | KZAP | Kazatomprom's global depositary receipts (GDRs) trade on the London Stock Exchange under the ticker KAP; there is no direct US OTC or exchange ADR, but the LSE GDRs are accessible to many US institutional investors. The company also trades on the Astana International Exchange (AIX). |