Türkiye (Turkey)
Europe / Middle East · Ankara · TRY (Turkish Lira)
经济与产业概览
Türkiye is the 17th largest economy in the world and a member of both the G20 and OECD, with nominal GDP of approximately 1.36 trillion USD in 2024. The economy is diversified across manufacturing, financial services, construction, agriculture, and a large tourism sector, with Istanbul serving as the primary financial and commercial hub. GDP growth moderated to around 3.2 percent in 2024 after strong expansion in prior years, while a government-led disinflation programme has been gradually reducing inflation from its 2024 peak of roughly 60 to 65 percent on an annual average basis. The country occupies a strategically important position bridging Europe and Asia, supporting both trade flows and foreign direct investment. Borsa Istanbul is the sole stock exchange, with over 650 listed companies and a domestic equity market capitalization of approximately 362 to 466 billion USD depending on the period measured.
主要行业
全面了解Türkiye (Turkey) →宏观
| GDP 名义, 美元 | $1.36T |
| GDP增速 实际, 年度 | 3.2% |
| 通胀率 年度 | 60.0% |
| 人口 人口 | 85.5M |
| 人均GDP 美元 | $15,461 |
| 市值 上市总额, 美元 | $362.00B |
| 市值/GDP | 26.6% |
| 失业率 | 8.7% |
| 上市公司数量 | 656 |
| 交易所 | Borsa Istanbul (the sole national stock exchange of Türkiye, formed in 2013 from the merger of the Istanbul Stock Exchange, Istanbul Gold Exchange, and Derivatives Exchange of Türkiye). (XIST) |
数据年份: 2024. 数据来源: World Bank - Türkiye Country Overview 2024, IMF World Economic Outlook (October 2025), Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat / TUIK), Borsa Istanbul (borsaistanbul.com), MSCI 2026 Annual Market Classification Review, Baker McKenzie Cross-Border Listings Guide - Borsa Istanbul (February 2026), SSE Initiative - Borsa Istanbul Exchange Profile, US State Department 2025 Investment Climate Statements: Türkiye, TradingHours.com - Borsa Istanbul Market Data, Wikipedia - Economy of Turkey, Focus Economics - Turkey Economic Forecasts, Crédit Agricole - Türkiye Economic Overview. Individual figures may cover different reference periods — for example a fiscal year, or an estimate for the current year — and the overview above states these where known.
最新消息
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最大上市公司
主要本地交易所按市值排名最大的公司。
| # | 公司 | 行业 | 市值美元 | 美国上市 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Aselsan Elektronik Sanayi ve TicaretASELS · XIST | Industrials · Defense and Aerospace | $9.10B | — |
| 2 | Tupras Turkiye Petrol RafinerileriTUPRS · XIST | Energy · Oil Refining | $8.00B | — |
| 3 | BIM Birlesik MagazalarBIMAS · XIST | Consumer Staples · Discount Food Retail | $7.60B | — |
| 4 | AkbankAKBNK · XIST | Financials · Banking | $4.70B | — |
| 5 | Turk Hava Yollari (Turkish Airlines)THYAO · XIST | Industrials · Airlines | $3.50B | — |
| 6 | Koc HoldingKCHOL · XIST | Industrials · Diversified Conglomerates | $3.20B | — |
| 7 | Eregli Demir ve Celik Fabrikalari (Erdemir)EREGL · XIST | Materials · Steel | $2.70B | — |
| 8 | Yapi ve Kredi BankasiYKBNK · XIST | Financials · Banking | $2.60B | — |
| 9 | Turkiye Is Bankasi (Isbank)ISCTR · XIST | Financials · Banking | $2.30B | — |
| 10 | Turkcell Iletisim HizmetleriTCELL · XIST | Communication Services · Telecommunications | $2.20B | TKC |
| 11 | Garanti BBVA BankasiGARAN · XIST | Financials · Banking | $2.10B | — |
| 12 | Sabanci HoldingSAHOL · XIST | Industrials · Diversified Conglomerates | $1.90B | — |
| 13 | Ford Otosan (Ford Otomotiv Sanayi)FROTO · XIST | Consumer Discretionary · Automotive Manufacturing | $1.80B | — |
| 14 | ArcelikARCLK · XIST | Consumer Discretionary · Home Appliances | $1.70B | — |
| 15 | Migros TicaretMGROS · XIST | Consumer Staples · Food Retail | $1.40B | — |
| 16 | Enerjisa EnerjiENJSA · XIST | Utilities · Electricity Distribution | $1.30B | — |
| 17 | Torunlar Gayrimenkul Yatirim OrtakligiTRGYO · XIST | Real Estate · Real Estate Investment Trusts | $1.20B | — |
| 18 | TAV Havalimanlari HoldingTAVHL · XIST | Industrials · Airport Operations | $1.20B | — |
| 19 | Halkbank (Turkiye Halk Bankasi)HALKB · XIST | Financials · Banking | $1.10B | — |
| 20 | Turkiye Vakiflar Bankasi (Vakifbank)VAKBN · XIST | Financials · Banking | $1.10B | — |
| 21 | Turk Telekomunikasyon (Turk Telekom)TTKOM · XIST | Communication Services · Integrated Telecommunications | $1.00B | — |
| 22 | Sise ve Cam Fabrikalari (Sisecam)SISE · XIST | Materials · Glass and Chemicals | $1.00B | — |
| 23 | Sok Marketler TicaretSOKM · XIST | Consumer Staples · Discount Food Retail | $950.00M | — |
| 24 | Petkim Petrokimya HoldingPETKM · XIST | Materials · Petrochemicals | $900.00M | — |
| 25 | Koza Altin IsletmeleriKOZAL · XIST | Materials · Gold Mining | $850.00M | — |
| 26 | Enka Insaat ve SanayiENKAI · XIST | Industrials · Construction and Real Estate | $800.00M | — |
| 27 | Tekfen HoldingTKFEN · XIST | Industrials · Engineering and Construction | $750.00M | — |
| 28 | Tofas Turk Otomobil FabrikasiTOASO · XIST | Consumer Discretionary · Automotive Manufacturing | $700.00M | — |
| 29 | Koc Finansal Hizmetler (Yapi Kredi parent subsidiary)YKFIN · XIST | Financials · Financial Holding Companies | $680.00M | — |
| 30 | AygazAYGAZ · XIST | Energy · Liquefied Petroleum Gas Distribution | $650.00M | — |
在美交易ETF
在美国上市并提供该市场敞口的基金，对许多美国投资者而言是最便捷的途径。
| ETF | 覆盖范围 | 费率年化% | 投资敞口占基金% |
|---|---|---|---|
| TURiShares MSCI Turkey ETF · BlackRock (iShares) | 单一国家 | 0.59% | 100% |
| VWOVanguard FTSE Emerging Markets ETF · Vanguard | 广泛新兴市场 | 0.08% | 1% |
| GMFState Street SPDR S&P Emerging Asia Pacific ETF · State Street Global Advisors (SPDR) | 区域 Reference only | 0.49% | 0% |
| EWXState Street SPDR S&P Emerging Markets Small Cap ETF · State Street Global Advisors (SPDR) | 广泛新兴市场 | 0.65% | 2% |
| EEMSiShares MSCI Emerging Markets Small-Cap ETF · BlackRock (iShares) | 广泛新兴市场 | 0.70% | 2% |
本地交易所与准入
| 交易所 | Borsa Istanbul (the sole national stock exchange of Türkiye, formed in 2013 from the merger of the Istanbul Stock Exchange, Istanbul Gold Exchange, and Derivatives Exchange of Türkiye). |
| 代码 | XIST |
| 网站 | www.borsaistanbul.com |
| 货币 | TRY |
本地券商准入
Foreign investors can access Borsa Istanbul equities through Turkish brokerage firms licensed by the Capital Markets Board of Türkiye (SPK), such as Is Yatirim, Garanti BBVA Yatirim, Ak Yatirim, and Yapı Kredi Yatirim. International investors may also gain exposure via US-listed ETFs such as TUR (iShares MSCI Turkey ETF) or through global prime brokers offering access to emerging market exchanges. Settlement is handled by Takasbank, and custody through the Central Registry Agency (MKK). Non-resident investors are generally free to trade Turkish equities and repatriate proceeds, though currency risk related to the Turkish Lira (TRY) is a key consideration. As of October 2026, MSCI has imposed a freeze on certain index-related changes for Turkish equities pending regulatory reforms, which investors should monitor.
支持外国市场准入的全球券商
- Interactive Brokers — Direct access to 90+ markets worldwide, including many emerging exchanges.
- Saxo Bank — Multi-market access across Asia, Europe and the Middle East.
- Charles Schwab (Global) — Foreign ordinary shares on select markets; US-listed ADRs and ETFs.
- Fidelity International Trading — International stock trading on a number of developed and emerging markets.
仅供参考，不构成推荐。不同券商及您所在国家/地区的可用市场、费用及开户规定各有不同。
移居与居留权
投资签证/居留权项目
资助项目 Citizenship / second passport
Türkiye operates a Citizenship by Investment programme under the Turkish Citizenship Law (Law No. 5901) and its 2018 amendments. Foreigners may apply for Turkish citizenship by making a qualifying investment, including purchasing real estate valued at a minimum of 400,000 USD (held for at least three years), making a fixed capital investment of at least 500,000 USD, depositing at least 500,000 USD in a Turkish bank for a minimum of three years, purchasing government bonds worth at least 500,000 USD, or creating employment for at least 50 Turkish citizens. Successful applicants and their immediate family members receive full Turkish citizenship and a Turkish passport. There is no prior residency requirement for the citizenship-by-investment route.
最低投资额: $400.00K
需要申请协助？专业投资移民顾问（如 Henley & Partners.
外资准入
Foreigners relocating to Türkiye may obtain a short-term residence permit initially, typically valid for one to two years and renewable. A Turquoise Card (analogous to a green card) is available for highly skilled professionals, investors, and scientists and grants indefinite work and residence rights with a recognized pathway toward citizenship. Türkiye does not impose income tax on foreign-source income for new residents under certain conditions, and the cost of living outside major city centres is relatively low compared to Western Europe. Healthcare quality varies widely between public and private facilities, and private health insurance is commonly used by expatriates.
在美上市ADR及交叉挂牌
该国股票同时在美国交易的公司，可通过普通美国券商账户进行投资。
| 公司 | 美国股票代码 | 本地股票代码 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turkcell Iletisim Hizmetleri | TKC | TCELL | Turkcell is the only major Turkish company with a primary US listing (NYSE: TKC) in the form of American Depositary Shares. Each ADS represents one ordinary share. Turkcell is Türkiye's leading mobile operator and is tracked by several EM indices. |
| Turkiye Is Bankasi (Isbank) | ISCTR | Isbank has Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) traded on the London Stock Exchange under the ticker TIBD, providing international institutional access. No formal US ADR programme currently exists, but GDRs offer a cross-listing route for non-US international investors. |