Türkiye (Turkey)
Europe / Middle East · Ankara · TRY (Turkish Lira)
Wirtschafts- und Branchenüberblick
Türkiye is an upper-middle-income emerging-market economy and the 17th largest in the world by nominal GDP, with a highly diversified base spanning manufacturing, finance, tourism, construction, agriculture, and defence industries. The country is a member of the G20, OECD, and operates within the EU Customs Union, giving it deep trade integration with European markets. Following a period of extremely high inflation driven by unorthodox monetary policy, authorities pivoted in mid-2023 to orthodox tightening, raising the benchmark rate from 8.5% to 50% by March 2024, and inflation has been on a gradual downward trajectory since its peak. The economy grew approximately 3.3% in 2024 and is underpinned by strong domestic consumption, a dynamic private sector, and record IPO activity on Borsa Istanbul. Key structural challenges include persistent inflation, lira volatility, high external financing needs, and youth unemployment.
Schlüsselsektoren
📘 Alles über Türkiye (Turkey) →Makro
| BIP nominal, USD | $1.32T |
| BIP-Wachstum real, jährlich | 3.3% |
| Inflation jährlich | 32.1% |
| Bevölkerung Menschen | 85.4M |
| BIP pro Kopf USD | $15,148 |
| Marktkapitalisierung gesamt notiert, USD | $465.60B |
| Marktkapitalisierung / BIP | 30.1% |
| Arbeitslosigkeit | 8.4% |
| Börsennotierte Unternehmen | 656 |
| Börse | Borsa İstanbul (BIST) |
Datenjahr: 2024. Quellen: World Bank World Development Indicators 2024, IMF World Economic Outlook April 2026, Trading Economics, CEIC Data – Borsa Istanbul Market Capitalization, Baker McKenzie Cross-Border Listings Guide – Borsa Istanbul (Feb 2026), Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK), FocusEconomics, Macrotrends, Wikipedia – Economy of Turkey, BIST 100, Borsa Istanbul, Turkish Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation – Citizenship by Investment, Daily Sabah – IMF Article IV 2025.
Aktuelle Nachrichten
- Seven Shifts Defining the Future of Technology Leadership in Türkiye
- Mo Salah effect: Trabzonspor move boosts tourism and Türkiye's economy
- KoçSistem Leads Türkiye’s Information Technology (IT) System Integrator for the Eighth Consecutive Year as KoçDigital Wins Top Artificial Intelligence (AI) Award
Größte börsennotierte Unternehmen
Die größten Unternehmen an der wichtigsten lokalen Börse, nach Marktkapitalisierung.
| # | Unternehmen | Sektor | MarktkapitalisierungUSD | US-Notierung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Koç HoldingKCHOL · BIST | Conglomerate | $18.50B | — |
| 2 | Sabancı HoldingSAHOL · BIST | Conglomerate | $11.00B | — |
| 3 | Türkiye İş Bankası (İşbank)ISCTR · BIST | Banking | $9.80B | — |
| 4 | Garanti BBVAGARAN · BIST | Banking | $9.50B | TKGBY |
| 5 | AkbankAKBNK · BIST | Banking | $8.70B | — |
| 6 | Türk Hava Yolları (Turkish Airlines)THYAO · BIST | Airlines & Transportation | $8.20B | — |
| 7 | BIM Birleşik MağazalarBIMAS · BIST | Retail (Discount) | $7.80B | — |
| 8 | Yapı ve Kredi Bankası (Yapı Kredi)YKBNK · BIST | Banking | $7.50B | — |
| 9 | Tüpraş (Türkiye Petrol Rafinerileri)TUPRS · BIST | Energy (Oil Refining) | $7.20B | — |
| 10 | Ford OtosanFROTO · BIST | Automotive | $7.00B | — |
| 11 | Türk Telekomunikasyon (Türk Telekom)TTKOM · BIST | Telecommunications | $6.50B | — |
| 12 | TurkcellTCELL · BIST | Telecommunications | $6.10B | TKC |
| 13 | HalkbankHALKB · BIST | Banking | $5.20B | — |
| 14 | VakıfbankVAKBN · BIST | Banking | $4.90B | — |
| 15 | ArçelikARCLK · BIST | Consumer Electronics / Appliances | $4.60B | — |
| 16 | Enerjisa EnerjiENJSA · BIST | Energy (Electricity Distribution) | $4.20B | — |
| 17 | Tofaş (Türk Otomobil Fabrikası)TOASO · BIST | Automotive | $4.00B | — |
| 18 | AselsanASELS · BIST | Defence & Aerospace | $3.80B | — |
| 19 | Migros TicaretMGROS · BIST | Retail (Supermarkets) | $3.40B | — |
| 20 | ŞişecamSISE · BIST | Glass & Building Materials | $3.20B | — |
| 21 | Sabancı Holding – AksigortaAKGRT · BIST | Insurance | $2.80B | — |
| 22 | Ereğli Demir ve Çelik (Erdemir)EREGL · BIST | Steel & Metals | $2.70B | — |
| 23 | Pegasus Hava Taşımacılığı (Pegasus Airlines)PGSUS · BIST | Airlines & Transportation | $2.50B | — |
| 24 | Kardemir (Karabük Demir Çelik Sanayi)KRDMD · BIST | Steel & Metals | $2.10B | — |
| 25 | Emlak Konut GYOEKGYO · BIST | Real Estate (REIT) | $2.00B | — |
| 26 | Petkim Petrokimya HoldingPETKM · BIST | Petrochemicals | $1.90B | — |
| 27 | Türkiye Sınai Kalkınma Bankası (TSKB)TSKB · BIST | Development Banking | $1.80B | — |
| 28 | Vestel ElektronikVESTL · BIST | Consumer Electronics | $1.70B | — |
| 29 | Koç Holding – AygazAYGAZ · BIST | Energy (LPG Distribution) | $1.60B | — |
| 30 | Türk Traktör ve Ziraat Makineleri (Türk Traktör)TTRAK · BIST | Agricultural Machinery | $1.50B | — |
In den USA gehandelte ETFs
In den USA notierte Fonds, die Zugang zu diesem Markt bieten – der einfachste Weg für viele US-Anleger.
| Ticker | ETF | Emittent | Anlagebereich | Kostenkennziffer% jährlich | Exposition% des Fonds |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TUR | iShares MSCI Turkey ETF | BlackRock (iShares) | Einzelnes Land | 0.59% | 100% |
| VWO | Vanguard FTSE Emerging Markets ETF | Vanguard | Breite Schwellenländer | 0.08% | 0% |
| EMXC | iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ex China ETF | BlackRock (iShares) | Breite Schwellenländer | 0.25% | 2% |
| EEME | iShares MSCI Europe, Australasia, Far East (EAFE) Emerging Markets | BlackRock (iShares) | Regional | 0.34% | 2% |
| EEM | iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF | BlackRock (iShares) | Breite Schwellenländer | 0.70% | 1% |
| FM | iShares MSCI Frontier and Select EM ETF | BlackRock (iShares) | Regional | 0.79% | 3% |
Lokale Börse & Zugang
| Börse | Borsa İstanbul |
| Kürzel | BIST |
| Website | www.borsaistanbul.com |
| Währung | TRY |
Lokaler Brokerzugang
Foreign investors can access Borsa İstanbul equities through local Turkish brokerage accounts (e.g. İş Yatırım / Is Investment, Yapı Kredi Yatırım, Garanti BBVA Yatırım) or through international brokers with emerging-market access. US-listed ETFs such as TUR (iShares MSCI Turkey ETF) provide indirect equity exposure without requiring a local brokerage account. Some Turkish companies have US-listed ADRs or GDRs. Capital gains on equities held by foreign investors are generally exempt from Turkish withholding tax under most bilateral tax treaties. Repatriation of investment proceeds is permitted under Turkish law subject to standard AML documentation.
Globale Broker mit Zugang zu ausländischen Märkten
- Interactive Brokers — Direct access to 90+ markets worldwide, including many emerging exchanges.
- Saxo Bank — Multi-market access across Asia, Europe and the Middle East.
- Charles Schwab (Global) — Foreign ordinary shares on select markets; US-listed ADRs and ETFs.
- Fidelity International Trading — International stock trading on a number of developed and emerging markets.
Nur zur Orientierung aufgeführt – keine Empfehlung. Verfügbare Märkte, Gebühren und Anmeldebedingungen variieren je nach Broker und Wohnsitzland.
Umzug & Aufenthalt
Investment-Visa / Residenzprogramm
Förderprogramme Citizenship / second passport
Türkiye offers a Citizenship by Investment programme administered by the Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation. Foreign nationals who make a qualifying real estate purchase of at least $400,000 USD (or equivalent in TRY), maintain a bank deposit of at least $500,000 in a Turkish bank for three years, create employment for at least 50 Turkish citizens, or invest at least $500,000 in a government bond or approved fund, are eligible to apply for Turkish citizenship. The programme grants full Turkish citizenship including a Turkish passport within approximately 3–6 months of approval. Applicants must not have committed any crime against the state. The programme has been in operation since 2017 with updated minimum thresholds introduced in 2022.
Mindestanlage: $400.00K
Benötigen Sie Unterstützung bei der Antragstellung? Spezialisierte Investment-Migrations-Berater wie Henley & Partners.
Zugang für ausländische Investoren
Türkiye is a popular destination for digital nomads, retirees, and entrepreneurs. Foreign nationals may obtain a short-stay residence permit (up to 2 years, renewable) upon application to the Provincial Directorate of Migration Management with proof of accommodation and financial sufficiency. A long-term residence permit is available after 8 years of continuous legal residence. Istanbul and Ankara are the primary business hubs; the country has no income tax on foreign-sourced income for new residents under certain conditions, but local employment income is taxed progressively. Cost of living is generally lower than Western Europe, though inflation has significantly eroded real purchasing power.
In den USA notierte ADRs & Kreuznotierungen
Unternehmen aus diesem Land, deren Aktien auch in den USA gehandelt werden – investierbar über ein normales US-Brokerkonto.
| Unternehmen | US-Ticker | Lokaler Ticker | Hinweis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Garanti BBVA | TKGBY | GARAN | Garanti BBVA trades as an OTC ADR in the US under the ticker TKGBY. The primary listing is on Borsa Istanbul. Garanti BBVA is majority-owned by Spain's BBVA group. |
| Turkcell İletişim Hizmetleri | TKC | TCELL | Turkcell is Turkey's leading mobile operator and is listed directly on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) as TKC, in addition to its primary listing on Borsa Istanbul. It is the most liquid and widely followed Turkish company in US markets. |
| Türk Hava Yolları (Turkish Airlines) | TKHVY | THYAO | Turkish Airlines trades as an OTC pink-sheet ADR in the US under the ticker TKHVY. The primary and most liquid listing is on Borsa Istanbul. Turkish Airlines is majority-owned by the Turkish government via the Turkey Wealth Fund. |
| Yapı ve Kredi Bankası | YKYLY | YKBNK | Yapı Kredi Bank trades as an OTC ADR under YKYLY in the US. Primary listing is Borsa Istanbul. The bank is jointly controlled by Koç Holding and UniCredit of Italy. |