Egypt

Aperçu économique et sectoriel

Egypt is the most populous country in the Arab world and North Africa, with an economy driven by hydrocarbons, Suez Canal revenues, remittances, tourism, and agriculture. The government has implemented a series of IMF-backed economic reform programmes since 2016, including currency liberalisation and subsidy reduction, aimed at stabilising public finances and attracting foreign investment. Key industries include textiles, food processing, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, construction, and light manufacturing, with the services sector contributing roughly half of GDP. The Egyptian Exchange (EGX) is one of the oldest and largest stock markets in Africa and the Middle East, with banking and financial services companies commanding the largest share of total market capitalisation. Egypt joined BRICS as a partner state in 2024, reflecting its growing engagement with emerging-market economic blocs.

Secteurs clés

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Macro

PIB nominal, USD	$429.64B
Croissance du PIB réel, annuel	4.2%
Inflation annuel	14.8%
Population habitants	110.1M
PIB par habitant USD	$3,904
Capitalisation boursière total coté, USD	$46.57B
Capitalisation boursière / PIB	10.8%
Chômage	6.3%
Sociétés cotées	220
Bourse	The Egyptian Exchange (EGX)

Année des données: 2025. Sources: IMF World Economic Outlook (April 2026), Wikipedia – Economy of Egypt (citing IMF/World Bank data), Worldometer GDP (citing IMF 2026), Egyptian Exchange (EGX) – egx.com.eg, CEIC Data – Egypt Market Capitalisation EGX (April 2025), Egypt Today – EGX 2024 Milestone Report (January 2025), Forbes Middle East – Egypt's Top 50 Listed Companies 2025 (April 2025), Arab Finance – CIB leads Forbes Middle East Top 50 EGX 2024, CAPMAS – Annual Unemployment Rate 2024 and 2025 (April 2026), Egypt State Information Service – CAPMAS unemployment data, Focus Economics – Egypt Inflation and Unemployment, Trading Economics – Egypt Stock Market & Economic Indicators, SimplyWallSt – Largest Egyptian EGX Stocks by Market Cap, African-Markets.com – EGX Listed Companies.

Bourse locale & accès

Bourse	The Egyptian Exchange
Code	EGX
Site web	www.egx.com.eg
Devise	EGP

Accès aux courtiers locaux

Foreign investors may access EGX-listed securities through licensed Egyptian brokerage firms (regulated by the Financial Regulatory Authority, FRA). Several international brokers offer EGX access via custodian arrangements. The EGX operates Sunday–Thursday. Settlement is T+2 for equities. Foreigners face no restrictions on equity ownership in most sectors, though some sectors (e.g., media) have limits. Repatriation of capital and profits is permitted under current regulations. US investors have limited direct ADR options; the primary US-listed ETF providing dedicated Egypt exposure is EGPT (VanEck).

Courtiers internationaux avec accès aux marchés étrangers

• Interactive Brokers — Direct access to 90+ markets worldwide, including many emerging exchanges.
• Saxo Bank — Multi-market access across Asia, Europe and the Middle East.
• Charles Schwab (Global) — Foreign ordinary shares on select markets; US-listed ADRs and ETFs.
• Fidelity International Trading — International stock trading on a number of developed and emerging markets.

Indiqué à titre indicatif uniquement — pas une recommandation. Les marchés disponibles, les frais et les règles d'ouverture de compte varient selon le courtier et votre pays de résidence.

Relocalisation & résidence

Accès pour les investisseurs étrangers

Egypt allows foreign nationals to purchase property and establish businesses. Cost of living is relatively low by regional standards. Cairo and Alexandria are the primary expat hubs. Arabic is the official language. The country operates on a fiscal year of 1 July–30 June. Multiple free zones and special economic zones (e.g., Suez Canal Economic Zone) offer incentivised operating conditions for businesses.