Egypt

Tổng quan kinh tế & ngành

Egypt has a mixed developing economy that is the second largest in Africa and ranks among the largest in the Middle East, with GDP sectors spanning agriculture, industry, and services. Key revenue sources include Suez Canal tolls, hydrocarbon exports, remittances from Egyptians abroad, and a large tourism industry centered on its ancient heritage and Red Sea resorts. The country undertook major IMF-backed macroeconomic reforms in 2024, including the adoption of a flexible exchange rate, following an economic crisis in 2022 to 2023 that pushed inflation sharply higher. Industry encompasses petrochemicals, fertilizers, steel, cement, textiles, and food processing, while a growing fintech and telecommunications sector has gained prominence. Egypt's large and young population of over 100 million people underpins significant domestic consumption and labor supply.

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Vĩ mô

GDP danh nghĩa, USD	$389.06B
Tăng trưởng GDP thực, hàng năm	2.4%
Lạm phát hàng năm	14.8%
Dân số người	107.8M
GDP bình quân đầu người USD	$3,594
Vốn hóa thị trường tổng niêm yết, USD	$67.40B
Vốn hóa thị trường / GDP	17.3%
Thất nghiệp	6.6%
Công ty niêm yết	250
Sàn giao dịch	Egyptian Exchange (EGX)

Năm dữ liệu: 2024. Nguồn: World Bank (GDP current USD 2024), FocusEconomics Egypt Country Report, IMF World Economic Outlook 2024, Egyptian Exchange (EGX) official data, EFG Hermes Market Data, US State Department 2025 Investment Climate Statement for Egypt, MSCI 2024 Market Classification Review, startamarkets.com EGX market cap rankings, Van Rhijn Legal (golden visa program details), Worldometer Egypt GDP, Wikipedia Economy of Egypt. Individual figures may cover different reference periods — for example a fiscal year, or an estimate for the current year — and the overview above states these where known.

Sàn giao dịch địa phương & tiếp cận

Sàn giao dịch	Egyptian Exchange
Mã	EGX
Trang web	www.egx.com.eg
Tiền tệ	EGP

Tiếp cận qua môi giới địa phương

Foreign investors can access Egyptian Exchange equities through international brokers offering access to frontier and emerging markets, including EFG Hermes (the largest regional broker), CI Capital, and Arqaam Capital. Some global online brokers provide access to EGX-listed stocks via their emerging markets platforms. Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) for several Egyptian companies are available on the London Stock Exchange, providing an alternative access route. The former dedicated US ETF for Egypt (VanEck EGPT) was delisted in March 2024, leaving regional and broad emerging-market ETFs as the primary ETF-based exposure vehicles for US-based investors. Currency risk is a significant consideration given the Egyptian pound's history of devaluation.

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Di cư & cư trú

Tiếp cận của nhà đầu tư nước ngoài

Foreign nationals can obtain temporary residency through qualifying real estate purchases or bank deposits starting at USD 50,000. Egypt does not offer a direct path to citizenship through investment. Expatriates living in Egypt generally reside under renewable residence permits tied to employment, property ownership, or investment. The cost of living in Cairo is relatively low by regional standards, and international schools and private healthcare facilities are available. Foreigners may own property in Egypt subject to certain restrictions on the number of properties and location.