Egypt

Tổng quan kinh tế & ngành

Egypt is the most populous country in the Arab world and one of Africa's largest economies, with a nominal GDP of approximately $348 billion (FY2024/25) underpinned by hydrocarbons, tourism, Suez Canal revenues, remittances, and a large agricultural sector. The economy went through a significant financial crisis in 2023–2024 stemming from foreign-exchange shortages and currency pressure, which was resolved through a $35 billion UAE investment deal, a free-float of the Egyptian pound, and a combined $22 billion in multilateral support from the IMF, World Bank, and European Union. Key industries include textiles, food processing, chemicals, construction, cement, fertilisers, tourism, and energy. Egypt is classified as a lower-middle-income emerging market and a member of BRICS, AfCFTA, COMESA, and the WTO. The Egyptian Exchange (EGX), founded in 1883, is one of the oldest exchanges in Africa and the Middle East.

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Vĩ mô

GDP danh nghĩa, USD	$348.00B
Tăng trưởng GDP thực, hàng năm	4.5%
Lạm phát hàng năm	14.9%
Dân số người	116.5M
GDP bình quân đầu người USD	$3,379
Vốn hóa thị trường tổng niêm yết, USD	$67.30B
Vốn hóa thị trường / GDP	19.3%
Thất nghiệp	6.6%
Công ty niêm yết	303
Sàn giao dịch	Egyptian Exchange (EGX)

Năm dữ liệu: 2025. Nguồn: IMF World Economic Outlook (April 2025), World Bank Development Indicators, Egyptian Exchange (EGX) official data, CAPMAS (Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics), Forbes Middle East Top 50 Listed Companies 2026, Trading Economics, Worldometer GDP data, Wikipedia – Economy of Egypt, Focus Economics – Egypt Unemployment.

Sàn giao dịch địa phương & tiếp cận

Sàn giao dịch	Egyptian Exchange
Mã	EGX
Trang web	www.egx.com.eg
Tiền tệ	EGP

Tiếp cận qua môi giới địa phương

Foreign investors can access EGX-listed securities through international brokers with Middle East/Africa coverage (e.g., EFG Hermes, CI Capital, Arqaam Capital, Pharos Securities) or through global platforms offering Egyptian equities. Foreign ownership of EGX-listed shares is generally permitted; repatriation of profits is allowed under the Investment Law. The EGP is a free-floating currency since March 2024. Transactions on the EGX are not subject to capital gains tax for foreign investors; a small stamp duty of 0.001% applies to all transactions.

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Tiếp cận của nhà đầu tư nước ngoài

Egypt allows foreigners to reside and work subject to standard visa and work-permit requirements. Investment residency permits are available through GAFI. The cost of living is relatively low by regional standards. Arabic is the official language; English is widely used in business. Healthcare quality varies significantly between private and public sectors.