Egypt
Africa / Middle East · Cairo · EGP (Egyptian Pound)
经济与产业概览
Egypt is the most populous country in the Arab world and North Africa, with an economy driven by hydrocarbons, Suez Canal revenues, remittances, tourism, and agriculture. The government has implemented a series of IMF-backed economic reform programmes since 2016, including currency liberalisation and subsidy reduction, aimed at stabilising public finances and attracting foreign investment. Key industries include textiles, food processing, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, construction, and light manufacturing, with the services sector contributing roughly half of GDP. The Egyptian Exchange (EGX) is one of the oldest and largest stock markets in Africa and the Middle East, with banking and financial services companies commanding the largest share of total market capitalisation. Egypt joined BRICS as a partner state in 2024, reflecting its growing engagement with emerging-market economic blocs.
主要行业
📘 全面了解Egypt →宏观
| GDP 名义, 美元 | $429.64B |
| GDP增速 实际, 年度 | 4.2% |
| 通胀率 年度 | 14.8% |
| 人口 人口 | 110.1M |
| 人均GDP 美元 | $3,904 |
| 市值 上市总额, 美元 | $46.57B |
| 市值/GDP | 10.8% |
| 失业率 | 6.3% |
| 上市公司数量 | 220 |
| 交易所 | The Egyptian Exchange (EGX) |
数据年份: 2025. 数据来源: IMF World Economic Outlook (April 2026), Wikipedia – Economy of Egypt (citing IMF/World Bank data), Worldometer GDP (citing IMF 2026), Egyptian Exchange (EGX) – egx.com.eg, CEIC Data – Egypt Market Capitalisation EGX (April 2025), Egypt Today – EGX 2024 Milestone Report (January 2025), Forbes Middle East – Egypt's Top 50 Listed Companies 2025 (April 2025), Arab Finance – CIB leads Forbes Middle East Top 50 EGX 2024, CAPMAS – Annual Unemployment Rate 2024 and 2025 (April 2026), Egypt State Information Service – CAPMAS unemployment data, Focus Economics – Egypt Inflation and Unemployment, Trading Economics – Egypt Stock Market & Economic Indicators, SimplyWallSt – Largest Egyptian EGX Stocks by Market Cap, African-Markets.com – EGX Listed Companies.
最大上市公司
主要本地交易所按市值排名最大的公司。
| # | 公司 | 行业 | 市值美元 | 美国上市 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Commercial International Bank Egypt (CIB)COMI · EGX | Banking | $6.76B | — |
| 2 | El Sewedy ElectricSWDY · EGX | Capital Goods / Industrials | $3.40B | — |
| 3 | Talaat Moustafa Group Holding (TMG)TMGH · EGX | Real Estate | $3.17B | — |
| 4 | Eastern CompanyEAST · EGX | Consumer Staples / Tobacco & Food | $2.80B | — |
| 5 | Telecom EgyptETEL · EGX | Telecommunications | $2.22B | — |
| 6 | QNB AlahliQNBE · EGX | Banking | $1.76B | — |
| 7 | Egypt Aluminum (Inalum)EGAL · EGX | Materials / Metals | $1.68B | — |
| 8 | Misr Fertilizers Production Company (MOPCO)MFPC · EGX | Materials / Chemicals & Fertilizers | $1.64B | — |
| 9 | Alexandria Container & Cargo HandlingALCN · EGX | Transportation / Logistics | $1.51B | — |
| 10 | Abu Qir Fertilizers and Chemical IndustriesABUK · EGX | Materials / Chemicals & Fertilizers | $1.18B | — |
| 11 | e-finance for Digital and Financial InvestmentsEFIH · EGX | Technology / Fintech | $1.14B | — |
| 12 | Fawry for Banking Technology and Electronic PaymentsFWRY · EGX | Technology / Fintech | $1.07B | — |
| 13 | Emaar Misr for DevelopmentEMFD · EGX | Real Estate | $1.00B | — |
| 14 | Housing and Development Bank (HDB)HDBK · EGX | Banking | $940.00M | — |
| 15 | EFG Holding CompanyHRHO · EGX | Diversified Financials | $780.00M | — |
| 16 | Orascom ConstructionORAS · EGX | Construction & Engineering | $720.00M | — |
| 17 | Juhayna Food IndustriesJUFO · EGX | Consumer Staples / Food & Beverage | $430.00M | — |
| 18 | Medinet Nasr Housing and DevelopmentMNHD · EGX | Real Estate | $390.00M | — |
| 19 | Cleopatra Hospital GroupCLHO · EGX | Healthcare | $350.00M | — |
| 20 | Egyptian Financial Group–Hermes (EFG Finance – Valu)VALU · EGX | Consumer Finance / Fintech | $320.00M | — |
在美交易ETF
在美国上市并提供该市场敞口的基金——对许多美国投资者而言是最便捷的途径。
| 股票代码 | ETF | 发行机构 | 覆盖范围 | 费率年化% | 投资敞口占基金% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EGPT | VanEck Egypt Index ETF | VanEck | 单一国家 | 0.94% | 100% |
| EMXC | iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ex China ETF | BlackRock (iShares) | 广泛新兴市场 | 0.25% | 0% |
| EEM | iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF | BlackRock (iShares) | 广泛新兴市场 | 0.70% | 0% |
| GAF | SPDR S&P Middle East & Africa ETF | State Street (SPDR) | 区域 Delisted | 0.78% | 5% |
| FM | iShares MSCI Frontier and Select EM ETF | BlackRock (iShares) | 区域 | 0.79% | 4% |
本地交易所与准入
| 交易所 | The Egyptian Exchange |
| 代码 | EGX |
| 网站 | www.egx.com.eg |
| 货币 | EGP |
本地券商准入
Foreign investors may access EGX-listed securities through licensed Egyptian brokerage firms (regulated by the Financial Regulatory Authority, FRA). Several international brokers offer EGX access via custodian arrangements. The EGX operates Sunday–Thursday. Settlement is T+2 for equities. Foreigners face no restrictions on equity ownership in most sectors, though some sectors (e.g., media) have limits. Repatriation of capital and profits is permitted under current regulations. US investors have limited direct ADR options; the primary US-listed ETF providing dedicated Egypt exposure is EGPT (VanEck).
支持外国市场准入的全球券商
- Interactive Brokers — Direct access to 90+ markets worldwide, including many emerging exchanges.
- Saxo Bank — Multi-market access across Asia, Europe and the Middle East.
- Charles Schwab (Global) — Foreign ordinary shares on select markets; US-listed ADRs and ETFs.
- Fidelity International Trading — International stock trading on a number of developed and emerging markets.
仅供参考，不构成推荐。不同券商及您所在国家/地区的可用市场、费用及开户规定各有不同。
移居与居留权
投资签证/居留权项目
资助项目 Renewable 5-year residency (or permanent residency at higher threshold)
Egypt introduced a residency-by-investment programme in 2022 (Law No. 11 of 2022 and subsequent amendments). Foreign nationals may obtain a five-year renewable residency permit by depositing USD 250,000 in a non-interest-bearing account at the Central Bank of Egypt for a minimum of three years, or by purchasing real estate worth at least USD 300,000 (or EGP equivalent), or by investing USD 500,000 in an Egyptian business or depositing that amount in a bank. A permanent residency option is available via a one-time USD 500,000 deposit. Residency grants the right to live, work, and own property in Egypt but does not confer citizenship.
最低投资额: $250.00K
需要申请协助？专业投资移民顾问（如 Henley & Partners.
外资准入
Egypt allows foreign nationals to purchase property and establish businesses. Cost of living is relatively low by regional standards. Cairo and Alexandria are the primary expat hubs. Arabic is the official language. The country operates on a fiscal year of 1 July–30 June. Multiple free zones and special economic zones (e.g., Suez Canal Economic Zone) offer incentivised operating conditions for businesses.
在美上市ADR及交叉挂牌
该国股票同时在美国交易的公司——可通过普通美国券商账户进行投资。
| 公司 | 美国股票代码 | 本地股票代码 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Commercial International Bank Egypt (CIB) | COMI | CIB had a GDR programme listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE: CBKD), allowing international investors to access the stock outside Egypt. As of 2025, no active US-listed ADR or OTC programme is widely traded; the GDR on the LSE remains the primary international listing vehicle. | |
| El Sewedy Electric | SWDY | El Sewedy Electric is listed only on the EGX with no US ADR or OTC programme. International investors access it through EGX-licensed brokers or custodian accounts. | |
| Orascom Construction | ORAS | Orascom Construction is dual-listed on the EGX and NASDAQ Dubai (ticker: OC), but has no formal US ADR or NYSE/NASDAQ primary listing. US investors access it via the EGX or NASDAQ Dubai route. |