Mexico

Economy & industry overview

Mexico has a large, open, free-market mixed economy and is the 12th to 13th largest economy in the world by nominal GDP, with 2024 output estimated at approximately 1.85 trillion USD. The economy is deeply integrated with North America through the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, with manufacturing, oil and gas, remittances, tourism, and financial services forming its core pillars. Manufacturing alone accounts for roughly 20 percent of GDP, driven by automotive, electronics, and aerospace industries. The nearshoring trend has attracted foreign direct investment as multinational firms relocate supply chains closer to the United States. Structural challenges include regional inequality, infrastructure gaps, energy sector constraints, and security concerns.

Key sectors

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Macro

GDP nominal, USD	$1.85T
GDP growth real, annual	1.5%
Inflation annual	4.7%
Population people	133.5M
GDP per capita USD	$13,870
Market cap total listed, USD	$460.00B
Market cap / GDP	24.8%
Unemployment	2.8%
Listed companies	144
Exchange	Bolsa Mexicana de Valores (Mexican Stock Exchange) (BMV)

Primary data year: 2024. Sources: IMF World Economic Outlook (April 2026), World Bank, INEGI (Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia), Bolsa Mexicana de Valores (BMV), MSCI 2025 Global Market Accessibility Review, MSCI Market Classification Framework June 2025, S&P Dow Jones Indices, S&P/BMV IPC factsheet, SSE Initiative BMV profile, companiesmarketcap.com, Worldometer GDP, Tetakawi Mexico GDP by Sector (2025). Individual figures may cover different reference periods — for example a fiscal year, or an estimate for the current year — and the overview above states these where known.

Local exchange & access

Exchange	Bolsa Mexicana de Valores (Mexican Stock Exchange)
Code	BMV
Website	www.bmv.com.mx
Currency	MXN

Local broker access

Foreign investors may access Mexican equities through international brokers offering BMV-listed securities or through US-listed ADRs and ETFs. Direct account opening at a Mexican brokerage (casa de bolsa) requires local documentation and tax registration. Major Mexican brokerages include GBM, Actinver, and Vector Casa de Bolsa. US-based retail platforms often provide access to the most liquid Mexican names via their NYSE or OTC listings. The BMV participates in the MILA integrated Latin American market, which may broaden cross-border access for investors in Chile, Colombia, and Peru.

Global brokers with foreign-market access

• Interactive Brokers — Direct access to 90+ markets worldwide, including many emerging exchanges.
• Saxo Bank — Multi-market access across Asia, Europe and the Middle East.
• Charles Schwab (Global) — Foreign ordinary shares on select markets; US-listed ADRs and ETFs.
• Fidelity International Trading — International stock trading on a number of developed and emerging markets.

Listed for convenience only. Not a recommendation. Available markets, fees and onboarding rules differ by broker and by your country of residence.

Relocation & residency

Foreign-investor access

Mexico does not operate a formal golden visa or citizenship-by-investment programme. Foreigners may obtain temporary or permanent residency through standard immigration categories including employment, retirement income thresholds, family reunification, or by demonstrating sufficient financial means. The National Immigration Institute (INM) administers residency applications. Mexico City, Monterrey, and Guadalajara are popular destinations for expatriates and digital nomads, partly due to relatively low costs of living and proximity to the United States.