Bulgaria Пограничные

Обзор экономики и отраслей

Bulgaria is an upper-middle-income EU member state with a diversified economy anchored by manufacturing, services, tourism, energy, and a growing IT and outsourcing sector. The lev is pegged to the euro at a fixed rate, providing monetary stability, and Bulgaria is pursuing eurozone accession. Key export sectors include refined petroleum products, copper, pharmaceuticals, machinery, and agricultural goods. The economy recorded real GDP growth of approximately 2.4% on a decade average and 3.1% in 2025, supported by EU structural and recovery funds. Persistent demographic decline and emigration remain structural headwinds to long-term growth.

Ключевые секторы

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Макро

ВВП номинальный, USD	$112.21B
Рост ВВП реальный, годовой	2.4%
Инфляция годовая	3.5%
Население человек	6.5M
ВВП на душу населения USD	$17,596
Рыночная капитализация всего на бирже, USD	$8.90B
Рыночная капитализация / ВВП	7.9%
Безработица	4.2%
Листингованные компании	250
Биржа	Bulgarian Stock Exchange (BSE)

Год данных: 2024. Источники: World Bank – GDP (current US$) 2024, IMF World Economic Outlook (April 2026), FocusEconomics – Bulgaria Economic Indicators, Macrotrends – Bulgaria Unemployment Rate, European Commission – Economic Forecast for Bulgaria (Spring 2026), Bulgarian Stock Exchange (bse-sofia.bg) – Market Statistics, Wikipedia – Bulgarian Stock Exchange, Wikipedia – SOFIX Index Constituents (February 2026), TheGlobalEconomy.com – Bulgaria Inflation & Unemployment, FinancialReports.eu – Bulgaria Listed Companies, CEIC Data – BSE Market Capitalization.

Местная биржа и доступ

Биржа	Bulgarian Stock Exchange
Код	BSE
Сайт	www.bse-sofia.bg
Валюта	BGN

Доступ через местных брокеров

The Bulgarian Stock Exchange (BSE) in Sofia is the sole licensed domestic exchange. International retail investors typically access BSE-listed securities through EU-regulated brokers with access to the BSE trading platform (T7 system). Interactive Brokers provides access to BSE for eligible clients. Liquidity on the main market is moderate; bid-ask spreads can be wide for smaller-cap names. Settlement is in BGN (T+2). No major US full-service broker offers direct BSE trading; European brokers such as Saxo Bank, Exante, and Freedom Finance Europe provide the most accessible routes for non-Bulgarian residents.

Глобальные брокеры с доступом к иностранным рынкам

• Interactive Brokers — Direct access to 90+ markets worldwide, including many emerging exchanges.
• Saxo Bank — Multi-market access across Asia, Europe and the Middle East.
• Charles Schwab (Global) — Foreign ordinary shares on select markets; US-listed ADRs and ETFs.
• Fidelity International Trading — International stock trading on a number of developed and emerging markets.

Приведено исключительно для справки, не является рекомендацией. Доступные рынки, комиссии и условия обслуживания различаются у разных брокеров и зависят от страны вашего проживания.

Переезд и вид на жительство

Доступ для иностранных инвесторов

Bulgaria is an EU and Schengen member state (Schengen accession completed January 2024 for air and sea borders). EU/EEA citizens may reside and work without restriction. Non-EU nationals may apply for long-term residence permits under standard immigration rules. The cost of living is among the lowest in the EU, and Sofia has an active expat and digital-nomad community. Bulgaria applies a flat 10% personal income tax rate.