China

نظرة عامة على الاقتصاد والصناعة

China is the world's second-largest economy by nominal GDP and the largest by purchasing power parity, with a 2024 nominal GDP of approximately 18.75 trillion USD. The economy is driven by manufacturing, technology, financial services, and a growing consumer sector, with exports remaining a key growth engine. In 2024, real GDP grew at 5.0 percent, meeting the government's official target, though deflationary pressures persisted with CPI rising only 0.2 percent. Key industries include electronics and high-technology manufacturing, steel and petrochemicals, financial services, e-commerce and internet platforms, and increasingly electric vehicles and renewable energy. China operates the world's second and third largest stock exchanges by market capitalization, the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange respectively.

القطاعات الرئيسية

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المؤشرات الكلية

GDP اسمي، دولار	$18.75T
نمو GDP حقيقي، سنوي	5.0%
التضخم سنوي	0.2%
السكان نسمة	1.41B
نصيب الفرد من GDP دولار	$13,300
القيمة السوقية إجمالي المُدرج، دولار	$11.76T
القيمة السوقية / GDP	62.7%
البطالة	5.1%
الشركات المدرجة	11,231
البورصة	The primary mainland exchanges are the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The Shanghai Stock Exchange is the main venue for large-cap state-owned enterprises and blue chips, while the Shenzhen Stock Exchange hosts growth-oriented and technology companies including the ChiNext board. (SSE / SZSE)

سنة البيانات: 2024. المصادر: China National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, China Briefing, Statista, CEIC Data, Trading Economics, MSCI, US-China Business Council, US-China Economic and Security Review Commission. Individual figures may cover different reference periods — for example a fiscal year, or an estimate for the current year — and the overview above states these where known.

البورصة المحلية وإمكانية الوصول

البورصة	The primary mainland exchanges are the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The Shanghai Stock Exchange is the main venue for large-cap state-owned enterprises and blue chips, while the Shenzhen Stock Exchange hosts growth-oriented and technology companies including the ChiNext board.
الرمز	SSE / SZSE
الموقع الإلكتروني	www.sse.com.cn / www.szse.cn
العملة	CNY

وصول الوسطاء المحليين

Foreign retail investors generally cannot directly open accounts on the Shanghai or Shenzhen exchanges without a domestic presence. Access to mainland A-shares is available internationally through the Stock Connect programme linking Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Shenzhen exchanges, and through Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (QFII) and RMB QFII quotas for institutions. US-based retail investors most commonly gain exposure through US-listed ETFs such as MCHI, FXI, KWEB, and ASHR, or through ADRs and US-listed shares of Chinese companies. Brokers such as Interactive Brokers offer Hong Kong brokerage accounts, which provide access to H-shares and Stock Connect-eligible A-shares.

وسطاء عالميون مع إمكانية الوصول إلى الأسواق الأجنبية

• Interactive Brokers — Direct access to 90+ markets worldwide, including many emerging exchanges.
• Saxo Bank — Multi-market access across Asia, Europe and the Middle East.
• Charles Schwab (Global) — Foreign ordinary shares on select markets; US-listed ADRs and ETFs.
• Fidelity International Trading — International stock trading on a number of developed and emerging markets.

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الانتقال والإقامة

وصول المستثمرين الأجانب

Foreign nationals relocating to mainland China typically require a work permit and a residence permit linked to employment or business activity. Long-term stays without a work relationship are limited. The permanent residence permit (Chinese Green Card) exists but is issued on a highly selective basis. Expat communities are concentrated in Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou. Mandarin language skills are highly advantageous for daily life outside major international hubs.