China

Panorama económico e industrial

China is the world's second-largest economy by nominal GDP and the largest by purchasing power parity, with a 2024 nominal GDP of approximately 18.75 trillion USD. The economy is driven by manufacturing, technology, financial services, and a growing consumer sector, with exports remaining a key growth engine. In 2024, real GDP grew at 5.0 percent, meeting the government's official target, though deflationary pressures persisted with CPI rising only 0.2 percent. Key industries include electronics and high-technology manufacturing, steel and petrochemicals, financial services, e-commerce and internet platforms, and increasingly electric vehicles and renewable energy. China operates the world's second and third largest stock exchanges by market capitalization, the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange respectively.

Sectores clave

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Macro

PIB nominal, USD	$18.75T
Crecimiento del PIB real, anual	5.0%
Inflación anual	0.2%
Población personas	1.41B
PIB per cápita USD	$13,300
Capitalización bursátil total cotizado, USD	$11.76T
Cap. bursátil / PIB	62.7%
Desempleo	5.1%
Empresas cotizadas	11,231
Bolsa	The primary mainland exchanges are the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The Shanghai Stock Exchange is the main venue for large-cap state-owned enterprises and blue chips, while the Shenzhen Stock Exchange hosts growth-oriented and technology companies including the ChiNext board. (SSE / SZSE)

Año de los datos: 2024. Fuentes: China National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, China Briefing, Statista, CEIC Data, Trading Economics, MSCI, US-China Business Council, US-China Economic and Security Review Commission. Individual figures may cover different reference periods — for example a fiscal year, or an estimate for the current year — and the overview above states these where known.

Bolsa local y acceso

Bolsa	The primary mainland exchanges are the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The Shanghai Stock Exchange is the main venue for large-cap state-owned enterprises and blue chips, while the Shenzhen Stock Exchange hosts growth-oriented and technology companies including the ChiNext board.
Código	SSE / SZSE
Sitio web	www.sse.com.cn / www.szse.cn
Moneda	CNY

Acceso a brókers locales

Foreign retail investors generally cannot directly open accounts on the Shanghai or Shenzhen exchanges without a domestic presence. Access to mainland A-shares is available internationally through the Stock Connect programme linking Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Shenzhen exchanges, and through Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (QFII) and RMB QFII quotas for institutions. US-based retail investors most commonly gain exposure through US-listed ETFs such as MCHI, FXI, KWEB, and ASHR, or through ADRs and US-listed shares of Chinese companies. Brokers such as Interactive Brokers offer Hong Kong brokerage accounts, which provide access to H-shares and Stock Connect-eligible A-shares.

Brókers globales con acceso a mercados extranjeros

• Interactive Brokers — Direct access to 90+ markets worldwide, including many emerging exchanges.
• Saxo Bank — Multi-market access across Asia, Europe and the Middle East.
• Charles Schwab (Global) — Foreign ordinary shares on select markets; US-listed ADRs and ETFs.
• Fidelity International Trading — International stock trading on a number of developed and emerging markets.

Listado solo a efectos informativos, no constituye recomendación. Los mercados disponibles, las comisiones y los requisitos de incorporación varían según el bróker y el país de residencia.

Reubicación y residencia

Acceso para inversores extranjeros

Foreign nationals relocating to mainland China typically require a work permit and a residence permit linked to employment or business activity. Long-term stays without a work relationship are limited. The permanent residence permit (Chinese Green Card) exists but is issued on a highly selective basis. Expat communities are concentrated in Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou. Mandarin language skills are highly advantageous for daily life outside major international hubs.