China

Panorama económico e industrial

China is the world's second-largest economy by nominal GDP and the largest by purchasing-power parity, with a diversified industrial base spanning manufacturing, technology, finance, energy, and consumer goods. The economy recorded official real GDP growth of 5.0% in 2024, driven by strong export performance, industrial output, and infrastructure investment, though persistent deflationary pressures and a prolonged property-sector downturn weighed on domestic demand. China is the world's largest exporter and a dominant producer of electronics, machinery, steel, chemicals, electric vehicles, and renewable energy equipment. Financial markets are centred on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) and Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE), with a combined domestic market capitalisation exceeding $11.7 trillion in 2024. The government continues to pursue a strategy of transitioning from investment- and export-led growth toward higher-value-added manufacturing and domestic consumption.

Sectores clave

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Macro

PIB nominal, USD	$18.74T
Crecimiento del PIB real, anual	5.0%
Inflación anual	0.2%
Población personas	1.41B
PIB per cápita USD	$13,122
Capitalización bursátil total cotizado, USD	$11.76T
Cap. bursátil / PIB	62.7%
Desempleo	5.1%
Empresas cotizadas	5,462
Bolsa	Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE)

Año de los datos: 2024. Fuentes: World Bank – World Development Indicators, IMF World Economic Outlook (April 2026), China National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Trading Economics, FocusEconomics, Macrotrends, TheGlobalEconomy.com, CEIC Data, Wikipedia – List of countries by stock market capitalisation, US-China Business Council.

Bolsa local y acceso

Bolsa	Shanghai Stock Exchange
Código	SSE
Sitio web	www.sse.com.cn
Moneda	CNY

Acceso a brókers locales

Foreign retail investors generally cannot directly purchase A-shares on the SSE or SZSE without a domestic brokerage account. Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (QFII) and the Stock Connect programmes (Shanghai–Hong Kong Connect and Shenzhen–Hong Kong Connect) are the primary regulated channels for international access to mainland-listed equities. H-shares (Hong Kong-listed Chinese companies) and US-listed ADRs/depositary receipts provide additional access points. Offshore brokers offering China exposure typically route through Hong Kong or use synthetic instruments.

Brókers globales con acceso a mercados extranjeros

• Interactive Brokers — Direct access to 90+ markets worldwide, including many emerging exchanges.
• Saxo Bank — Multi-market access across Asia, Europe and the Middle East.
• Charles Schwab (Global) — Foreign ordinary shares on select markets; US-listed ADRs and ETFs.
• Fidelity International Trading — International stock trading on a number of developed and emerging markets.

Listado solo a efectos informativos — no constituye recomendación. Los mercados disponibles, las comisiones y los requisitos de incorporación varían según el bróker y el país de residencia.

Reubicación y residencia

Acceso para inversores extranjeros

Foreign nationals residing and working in China require a residence permit tied to employment, family, or study. Long-term permanent residency (the 'China Green Card') is granted on a discretionary basis and is historically difficult to obtain. Tax residency is triggered after 183 days in a calendar year. All foreign currency movements are subject to capital controls administered by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE).