China

经济与产业概览

China is the world's second-largest economy by nominal GDP and the largest by purchasing-power parity, with a 2024 nominal GDP of approximately USD 18.8 trillion. The economy is driven by manufacturing, technology, finance, energy, and a rapidly expanding services sector, with manufacturing and industry accounting for roughly 35–36% of GDP and services approximately 57–58%. China is the world's largest exporter and a major hub for electric vehicles, consumer electronics, steel, and petrochemicals. The government has undertaken structural reforms to shift growth toward domestic consumption and high-quality development, while managing headwinds from property-sector deleveraging and subdued consumer inflation. The Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange together constitute one of the largest equity markets globally.

主要行业

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宏观

GDP 名义, 美元	$18.80T
GDP增速 实际, 年度	5.0%
通胀率 年度	0.2%
人口 人口	1.41B
人均GDP 美元	$13,306
市值 上市总额, 美元	$11.00T
市值/GDP	58.5%
失业率	5.1%
上市公司数量	5,300
交易所	Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE)

数据年份: 2024. 数据来源: National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBS), World Bank, IMF World Economic Outlook, China-Briefing, Wikipedia – Economy of China, CEIC Data, Trading Economics, Straits Research – Top Chinese Companies by Market Cap, Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE), Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE).

本地交易所与准入

交易所	Shanghai Stock Exchange
代码	SSE
网站	www.sse.com.cn
货币	CNY

本地券商准入

Foreign investors can access China A-shares (Shanghai and Shenzhen) via the Stock Connect programmes (Shanghai-Hong Kong Connect, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Connect) through Hong Kong brokers, or through QFII/RQFII licensed institutions. US-based retail investors most commonly gain exposure through US-listed ETFs or via ADRs/NYSE/NASDAQ-listed Chinese companies. Direct account opening on mainland exchanges is generally not available to non-China-resident foreigners. Capital controls apply to cross-border fund movements.

支持外国市场准入的全球券商

• Interactive Brokers — Direct access to 90+ markets worldwide, including many emerging exchanges.
• Saxo Bank — Multi-market access across Asia, Europe and the Middle East.
• Charles Schwab (Global) — Foreign ordinary shares on select markets; US-listed ADRs and ETFs.
• Fidelity International Trading — International stock trading on a number of developed and emerging markets.

仅供参考，不构成推荐。不同券商及您所在国家/地区的可用市场、费用及开户规定各有不同。

移居与居留权

外资准入

Foreign nationals relocating to China typically require a work visa (Z visa) or residence permit tied to employment, family, or recognised talent status. Long-term residence and permanent residence ('green card') approvals are limited. Mandarin language proficiency is highly beneficial for daily life. Major expatriate hubs include Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou, which offer international schools and healthcare facilities.