Peru

Tổng quan kinh tế & ngành

Peru is an upper-middle-income emerging market economy in South America, with a nominal GDP of approximately USD 289 billion in 2024 according to the World Bank. The economy is heavily driven by mining and metals (particularly copper, gold, zinc, and silver) which together constitute the largest share of merchandise exports. Agriculture (including fishmeal, asparagus, avocado, blueberry, and coffee), manufacturing, financial services, and tourism are also significant contributors. Peru is a member of the Pacific Alliance, CPTPP, and APEC, and maintains a broad network of free trade agreements that support its export-oriented model. Political instability and social conflict around extractive projects have remained structural challenges to private investment.

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Vĩ mô

GDP danh nghĩa, USD	$289.22B
Tăng trưởng GDP thực, hàng năm	3.4%
Lạm phát hàng năm	1.9%
Dân số người	34.0M
GDP bình quân đầu người USD	$8,653
Vốn hóa thị trường tổng niêm yết, USD	$95.00B
Vốn hóa thị trường / GDP	32.9%
Thất nghiệp	6.6%
Công ty niêm yết	210
Sàn giao dịch	Bolsa de Valores de Lima (BVL)

Năm dữ liệu: 2024. Nguồn: World Bank – World Development Indicators (2024), IMF World Economic Outlook (April 2025), FocusEconomics – Peru Country Report (2025), INEI – Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática, Bolsa de Valores de Lima (BVL) – www.bvl.com.pe, S&P Dow Jones Indices – S&P/BVL Peru Select Index, Wikipedia – Economy of Peru, Trading Economics – Peru, Worldometer – Peru GDP (2026 IMF estimate).

Sàn giao dịch địa phương & tiếp cận

Sàn giao dịch	Bolsa de Valores de Lima
Mã	BVL
Trang web	www.bvl.com.pe
Tiền tệ	PEN

Tiếp cận qua môi giới địa phương

International investors can access BVL-listed equities through select Latin America-focused brokerages, including Credicorp Capital (local), Scotiabank Peru, and international platforms with OTC access. US investors most commonly gain exposure via the iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF (EPU) or through NYSE-listed ADRs such as Credicorp (BAP), Compañía de Minas Buenaventura (BVN), and Southern Copper (SCCO). Settle times on the BVL follow a T+2 cycle. Currency repatriation is generally unrestricted; however, foreign exchange controls and tax withholding on dividends (5%) and capital gains apply.

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Tiếp cận của nhà đầu tư nước ngoài

Peru does not operate a dedicated 'golden visa' scheme by that name, but the Inversionista and Rentista visa categories allow foreign nationals to reside based on qualifying investment or passive income. Lima has a growing expat community; cost of living is moderate relative to Western countries. Healthcare quality varies significantly between Lima and provincial areas. Spanish is the official language; Quechua and Aymara are co-official in their regions.