Poland

经济与产业概览

Poland is the largest economy in Central and Eastern Europe and the sixth-largest in the European Union by nominal GDP, with output reaching approximately $915 billion in 2024. The economy is diversified across manufacturing, financial services, energy, retail, and business process outsourcing, with a significant automotive and electronics export base. Poland is a member of the EU single market and NATO, maintaining its own currency, the złoty, which is managed by the National Bank of Poland. The country has sustained one of the longest uninterrupted growth records in Europe since its democratic transition in 1989, supported by strong domestic consumption, EU structural fund inflows, and a dynamic private sector. Key industries include oil refining, copper mining, insurance, banking, e-commerce, and defence manufacturing.

主要行业

全面了解Poland →

宏观

GDP 名义, 美元	$914.70B
GDP增速 实际, 年度	2.9%
通胀率 年度	3.6%
人口 人口	36.8M
人均GDP 美元	$25,104
市值 上市总额, 美元	$701.56B
市值/GDP	76.7%
失业率	2.8%
上市公司数量	399
交易所	Warsaw Stock Exchange (Giełda Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie) (GPW)

数据年份: 2024. 数据来源: World Bank — GDP (current US$) Poland 2024, Trading Economics — Poland GDP, Unemployment, Inflation, Polish Economic Institute (PIE) — Economic Review 2024, Warsaw Stock Exchange (GPW) / Wikipedia — Market Cap & Listings (Feb 2026), Macrotrends — Poland Unemployment Rate Historical, TheGlobalEconomy.com — Poland GDP & Unemployment 2024, CEIC Data — WSE Market Capitalisation, Wikipedia — Warsaw Stock Exchange, PKO Bank Polski, Orlen, List of largest Polish companies, Forbes Global 2000 (2025 edition), FetchSeries / World Bank — Poland GDP per Capita 2024.

本地交易所与准入

交易所	Warsaw Stock Exchange (Giełda Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie)
代码	GPW
网站	www.gpw.pl
货币	PLN

本地券商准入

Foreign investors may access the Warsaw Stock Exchange (GPW) through international brokers offering access to Polish equities (e.g., Interactive Brokers, Saxo Bank, XTB, a Polish-headquartered broker listed on GPW itself). Domestic Polish brokers include mBank's Dom Maklerski, Biuro Maklerskie PKO BP, and Santander Biuro Maklerskie. Settlement is in PLN via the Central Securities Depository of Poland (KDPW). The WIG20 index underlies liquid futures and options. Many large-cap Polish stocks are also accessible as OTC ADRs or via ETFs in the US and Europe.

支持外国市场准入的全球券商

• Interactive Brokers — Direct access to 90+ markets worldwide, including many emerging exchanges.
• Saxo Bank — Multi-market access across Asia, Europe and the Middle East.
• Charles Schwab (Global) — Foreign ordinary shares on select markets; US-listed ADRs and ETFs.
• Fidelity International Trading — International stock trading on a number of developed and emerging markets.

仅供参考，不构成推荐。不同券商及您所在国家/地区的可用市场、费用及开户规定各有不同。

移居与居留权

外资准入

Poland is an EU member state; EU/EEA citizens may reside and work freely. Non-EU nationals require a national visa or residence permit (e.g., temporary residence for business activity under the Foreigners Act). There is no investment-threshold fast-track; standard naturalisation requires 3–10 years of continuous legal residence depending on circumstances. Poland does not levy wealth tax; personal income tax is 12%/32% progressive (flat 19% for business activity); corporate tax is 19% (9% for small taxpayers). Cost of living is well below Western European averages, particularly in cities such as Warsaw, Kraków, and Wrocław.