Greece

نظرة عامة على الاقتصاد والصناعة

Greece is a high-income, open economy in Southern Europe and a member of the European Union and Eurozone. Tourism and shipping are the dominant industries, with Greece operating the world's largest merchant fleet by tonnage. The services sector accounts for approximately 78% of GDP, while industry contributes around 18% and agriculture roughly 4%. Following a severe sovereign-debt crisis in the 2010s, Greece has sustained positive GDP growth since 2017, supported by fiscal consolidation, rising tourism revenues, and foreign direct investment. Key structural challenges include a still-elevated unemployment rate, high public debt, and ongoing demographic pressures from emigration and an ageing population.

القطاعات الرئيسية

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المؤشرات الكلية

GDP اسمي، دولار	$257.14B
نمو GDP حقيقي، سنوي	2.1%
التضخم سنوي	3.5%
السكان نسمة	10.4M
نصيب الفرد من GDP دولار	$24,842
القيمة السوقية إجمالي المُدرج، دولار	$109.00B
القيمة السوقية / GDP	42.4%
البطالة	10.1%
الشركات المدرجة	153
البورصة	Athens Stock Exchange (Euronext Athens) (ATHEX)

سنة البيانات: 2024. المصادر: IMF World Economic Outlook (October 2024 / April 2026), World Bank National Accounts Data, Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT), Athens Stock Exchange / Euronext Athens, Wikipedia – Athens Stock Exchange, Trading Economics, Macrotrends, Focus Economics, Statista, Global Citizens Solutions – Greece Golden Visa, Hellenic Ministry of Migration and Asylum, Bank of Greece.

البورصة المحلية وإمكانية الوصول

البورصة	Athens Stock Exchange (Euronext Athens)
الرمز	ATHEX
الموقع الإلكتروني	athens.euronext.com/en
العملة	EUR

وصول الوسطاء المحليين

International investors can access Athens Stock Exchange (ATHEX/Euronext Athens) equities through major European and global brokers offering access to Euronext-connected markets (e.g., Interactive Brokers, Saxo Bank, Degiro, and most EU-regulated brokers). Greek stocks can also be accessed indirectly via US-traded ETFs and a small number of ADRs. Settlement follows the standard T+2 European cycle. The exchange operates in EUR. Non-resident investors are subject to Greek withholding tax on dividends (currently 5% for listed shares). Capital gains on listed Greek equities are generally exempt from Greek capital gains tax for non-residents, subject to applicable tax treaties.

وسطاء عالميون مع إمكانية الوصول إلى الأسواق الأجنبية

• Interactive Brokers — Direct access to 90+ markets worldwide, including many emerging exchanges.
• Saxo Bank — Multi-market access across Asia, Europe and the Middle East.
• Charles Schwab (Global) — Foreign ordinary shares on select markets; US-listed ADRs and ETFs.
• Fidelity International Trading — International stock trading on a number of developed and emerging markets.

مُدرَج للتسهيل فقط — وليس توصية. تختلف الأسواق المتاحة والرسوم وقواعد الإعداد بحسب الوسيط وبلد إقامتك.

الانتقال والإقامة

وصول المستثمرين الأجانب

Greece offers several relocation-friendly fiscal regimes in addition to the Golden Visa: a 7% flat-tax programme for foreign-sourced pension income (15 years), a 50% income-tax exemption for new tax residents relocating for employment or self-employment, and a lump-sum annual tax of €100,000 on foreign-sourced income for high-net-worth individuals transferring tax residency. The cost of living is moderate by Western European standards. The standard working language of commerce is Greek, though English is widely used in business and tourism sectors.