Greece

Tổng quan kinh tế & ngành

Greece is a high-income, open economy in Southern Europe and a member of the European Union and Eurozone. Tourism and shipping are the dominant industries, with Greece operating the world's largest merchant fleet by tonnage. The services sector accounts for approximately 78% of GDP, while industry contributes around 18% and agriculture roughly 4%. Following a severe sovereign-debt crisis in the 2010s, Greece has sustained positive GDP growth since 2017, supported by fiscal consolidation, rising tourism revenues, and foreign direct investment. Key structural challenges include a still-elevated unemployment rate, high public debt, and ongoing demographic pressures from emigration and an ageing population.

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Vĩ mô

GDP danh nghĩa, USD	$257.14B
Tăng trưởng GDP thực, hàng năm	2.1%
Lạm phát hàng năm	3.5%
Dân số người	10.4M
GDP bình quân đầu người USD	$24,842
Vốn hóa thị trường tổng niêm yết, USD	$109.00B
Vốn hóa thị trường / GDP	42.4%
Thất nghiệp	10.1%
Công ty niêm yết	153
Sàn giao dịch	Athens Stock Exchange (Euronext Athens) (ATHEX)

Năm dữ liệu: 2024. Nguồn: IMF World Economic Outlook (October 2024 / April 2026), World Bank National Accounts Data, Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT), Athens Stock Exchange / Euronext Athens, Wikipedia – Athens Stock Exchange, Trading Economics, Macrotrends, Focus Economics, Statista, Global Citizens Solutions – Greece Golden Visa, Hellenic Ministry of Migration and Asylum, Bank of Greece.

Sàn giao dịch địa phương & tiếp cận

Sàn giao dịch	Athens Stock Exchange (Euronext Athens)
Mã	ATHEX
Trang web	athens.euronext.com/en
Tiền tệ	EUR

Tiếp cận qua môi giới địa phương

International investors can access Athens Stock Exchange (ATHEX/Euronext Athens) equities through major European and global brokers offering access to Euronext-connected markets (e.g., Interactive Brokers, Saxo Bank, Degiro, and most EU-regulated brokers). Greek stocks can also be accessed indirectly via US-traded ETFs and a small number of ADRs. Settlement follows the standard T+2 European cycle. The exchange operates in EUR. Non-resident investors are subject to Greek withholding tax on dividends (currently 5% for listed shares). Capital gains on listed Greek equities are generally exempt from Greek capital gains tax for non-residents, subject to applicable tax treaties.

Môi giới toàn cầu có tiếp cận thị trường nước ngoài

• Interactive Brokers — Direct access to 90+ markets worldwide, including many emerging exchanges.
• Saxo Bank — Multi-market access across Asia, Europe and the Middle East.
• Charles Schwab (Global) — Foreign ordinary shares on select markets; US-listed ADRs and ETFs.
• Fidelity International Trading — International stock trading on a number of developed and emerging markets.

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Di cư & cư trú

Tiếp cận của nhà đầu tư nước ngoài

Greece offers several relocation-friendly fiscal regimes in addition to the Golden Visa: a 7% flat-tax programme for foreign-sourced pension income (15 years), a 50% income-tax exemption for new tax residents relocating for employment or self-employment, and a lump-sum annual tax of €100,000 on foreign-sourced income for high-net-worth individuals transferring tax residency. The cost of living is moderate by Western European standards. The standard working language of commerce is Greek, though English is widely used in business and tourism sectors.