Greece

经济与产业概览

Greece is a high-income, open economy in Southern Europe and a member of the European Union and Eurozone. Tourism and shipping are the dominant industries, with Greece operating the world's largest merchant fleet by tonnage. The services sector accounts for approximately 78% of GDP, while industry contributes around 18% and agriculture roughly 4%. Following a severe sovereign-debt crisis in the 2010s, Greece has sustained positive GDP growth since 2017, supported by fiscal consolidation, rising tourism revenues, and foreign direct investment. Key structural challenges include a still-elevated unemployment rate, high public debt, and ongoing demographic pressures from emigration and an ageing population.

主要行业

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宏观

GDP 名义, 美元	$257.14B
GDP增速 实际, 年度	2.1%
通胀率 年度	3.5%
人口 人口	10.4M
人均GDP 美元	$24,842
市值 上市总额, 美元	$109.00B
市值/GDP	42.4%
失业率	10.1%
上市公司数量	153
交易所	Athens Stock Exchange (Euronext Athens) (ATHEX)

数据年份: 2024. 数据来源: IMF World Economic Outlook (October 2024 / April 2026), World Bank National Accounts Data, Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT), Athens Stock Exchange / Euronext Athens, Wikipedia – Athens Stock Exchange, Trading Economics, Macrotrends, Focus Economics, Statista, Global Citizens Solutions – Greece Golden Visa, Hellenic Ministry of Migration and Asylum, Bank of Greece.

本地交易所与准入

交易所	Athens Stock Exchange (Euronext Athens)
代码	ATHEX
网站	athens.euronext.com/en
货币	EUR

本地券商准入

International investors can access Athens Stock Exchange (ATHEX/Euronext Athens) equities through major European and global brokers offering access to Euronext-connected markets (e.g., Interactive Brokers, Saxo Bank, Degiro, and most EU-regulated brokers). Greek stocks can also be accessed indirectly via US-traded ETFs and a small number of ADRs. Settlement follows the standard T+2 European cycle. The exchange operates in EUR. Non-resident investors are subject to Greek withholding tax on dividends (currently 5% for listed shares). Capital gains on listed Greek equities are generally exempt from Greek capital gains tax for non-residents, subject to applicable tax treaties.

支持外国市场准入的全球券商

• Interactive Brokers — Direct access to 90+ markets worldwide, including many emerging exchanges.
• Saxo Bank — Multi-market access across Asia, Europe and the Middle East.
• Charles Schwab (Global) — Foreign ordinary shares on select markets; US-listed ADRs and ETFs.
• Fidelity International Trading — International stock trading on a number of developed and emerging markets.

仅供参考，不构成推荐。不同券商及您所在国家/地区的可用市场、费用及开户规定各有不同。

移居与居留权

外资准入

Greece offers several relocation-friendly fiscal regimes in addition to the Golden Visa: a 7% flat-tax programme for foreign-sourced pension income (15 years), a 50% income-tax exemption for new tax residents relocating for employment or self-employment, and a lump-sum annual tax of €100,000 on foreign-sourced income for high-net-worth individuals transferring tax residency. The cost of living is moderate by Western European standards. The standard working language of commerce is Greek, though English is widely used in business and tourism sectors.